In a B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) program in Economics, students study the principles and practices related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The program provides a comprehensive understanding of economic theories, models, and applications. Here’s an overview of the core areas typically included:

Core Areas:

1. Introduction to Economics:
   • Basic Concepts: Overview of fundamental economic concepts such as supply and demand, market equilibrium, and economic systems.
   • Economic Theories: Introduction to classical and contemporary economic theories.
2. Microeconomics:
   • Consumer Behavior: Study of how individuals make consumption decisions and the concept of utility.
   • Production and Costs: Examination of production processes, cost structures, and firm behavior.
   • Market Structures: Analysis of different market structures, including perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly.
   • Welfare Economics: Exploration of efficiency and equity in resource allocation and distribution.
3. Macroeconomics:
   • National Income Accounting: Study of aggregate economic measures such as GDP, GNP, and national income.
   • Economic Growth: Examination of factors influencing long-term economic growth and development.
   • Monetary Policy: Analysis of central banking, money supply, and interest rates.
   • Fiscal Policy: Exploration of government spending, taxation, and budgetary policies.
4. Economic Development:
   • Development Theories: Study of theories and models related to economic development and poverty alleviation.
   • Economic Indicators: Examination of indicators used to assess development progress and challenges.
   • Global Development Issues: Analysis of issues such as inequality, health, education, and sustainable development.
5. International Economics:
   • Trade Theories: Exploration of theories related to international trade, including comparative advantage and trade barriers.
   • Exchange Rates: Study of foreign exchange markets, currency valuation, and exchange rate policies.
   • Globalization: Examination of the impact of globalization on trade, investment, and economic integration.
6. Public Economics:
   • Government Role: Study of the role of government in the economy, including taxation and public expenditure.
   • Public Goods and Services: Examination of the provision and financing of public goods and services.
   • Economic Policy Analysis: Analysis of public policies and their economic implications.
7. Quantitative Methods:
   • Statistics: Introduction to statistical techniques and their application in economic analysis.
   • Econometrics: Study of econometric models and methods used for empirical analysis in economics.
   • Data Analysis: Skills in analyzing economic data and interpreting results.
8. Economic Policy:
   • Policy Formulation: Examination of the process of formulating and implementing economic policies.
   • Policy Evaluation: Study of methods used to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of economic policies.

Additional Areas:

1. Labor Economics:
   • Labor Markets: Study of labor supply, demand, and wage determination.
   • Employment and Unemployment: Examination of employment trends, unemployment, and labor market policies.
2. Environmental Economics:
   • Environmental Issues: Exploration of economic aspects of environmental issues such as pollution and resource depletion.
   • Sustainable Development: Study of policies and practices aimed at achieving sustainable economic development.
3. Behavioral Economics:
   • Psychological Insights: Examination of how psychological factors influence economic decisions and behavior.
   • Market Anomalies: Study of deviations from traditional economic models due to behavioral factors.
4. Economic History:
   • Historical Trends: Study of historical economic developments and their impact on contemporary economic systems.
   • Economic Institutions: Examination of the evolution of economic institutions and their role in economic development.
5. Urban and Regional Economics:
   • Urban Development: Study of economic issues related to urban areas, including housing, transportation, and regional planning.
   • Regional Disparities: Examination of economic differences between regions and policies for regional development.

These core areas provide a well-rounded understanding of economics, preparing students for careers in finance, government, consulting, and academia. The specific curriculum may vary based on the institution and program focus.